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Inglês — CACD 2009

CESPE/UnB · CACD – 1ª fase (TPS) · 56 itens · julgue cada item como Certo ou Errado

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1 German scientists have reconstructed anextraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life ofMartin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father4of Protestantism, by trawling through his householdwaste uncovered during archaeological digs on siteswhere he used to live.7 Despite the widespread belief that Lutherlived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fedman — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in101546 at the age of 63. Even Luther's claim that he came fromhumble circumstances has been dismissed. New13evidence has shown that his father owned land and acopper mill besides lending money for interest. Hismother meanwhile was born into an upper middle-16class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested,that she "carried all her wood on her back". Extensive research carried out at the family19home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote hiscelebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit byanimal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the22River Elbe. It obviously suited him because hechurned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunkssomething of the Luther myth to know he wrote the2595 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in2004. But the claim by historians which will28arguably be most upsetting for followers is therecently uncovered written evidence that it was not,as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21-31year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted tobecome a monk. Rather, it was his desperation toescape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, according to the text.

  1. 1.

    According to the text, recent archaeological finds have perturbed Lutherans’ beliefs.

  2. 2.

    According to the text, recent archaeological finds date back to the year 2004.

  3. 3.

    According to the text, recent archaeological finds have proven that Luther misrepresented his parents’ financial status.

  4. 4.

    According to the text, recent archaeological finds have revealed that Luther was not truly religious.

  5. 5.

    According to the text, recent archaeological finds have supplemented and adjusted the portrait of Luther.

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1 Fundamentalism has one interesting insight.It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanistculture of the modern era as being itself a kind of4new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to seethis because we are immersed in it, it dominatesmore than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so7amorphous. It has no officially recognised scriptures,creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loosecoalition of many different forces, kept on the move10and in constant self-criticism and self-correction byan active and striving ethic derived fromProtestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is13what it is — has theologians, priests and prophets,they are, respectively, the scientists and scholarswhose business it is to criticise and increase16knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions andopen up new life-possibilities, and the armies ofidealistic campaigners who urge us to become active19in hundreds of good causes. So seductive and compelling is this new faiththat it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its22language and its way of thinking. They areeverywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes itlike a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do25not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour ithas, we are largely unaware of its awesome,unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.

Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).

Judge the following item, concerning the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

  1. 6.

    “as” would be an appropriate synonym for the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

  2. 7.

    “because” would be an appropriate synonym for the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

  3. 8.

    “whenever” would be an appropriate synonym for the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

  4. 9.

    “inasmuch as” would be an appropriate synonym for the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

  5. 10.

    “since” would be an appropriate synonym for the word “once” in the phrase “once we are in the midst of it” (l.24).

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1 Fundamentalism has one interesting insight.It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanistculture of the modern era as being itself a kind of4new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to seethis because we are immersed in it, it dominatesmore than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so7amorphous. It has no officially recognised scriptures,creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loosecoalition of many different forces, kept on the move10and in constant self-criticism and self-correction byan active and striving ethic derived fromProtestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is13what it is — has theologians, priests and prophets,they are, respectively, the scientists and scholarswhose business it is to criticise and increase16knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions andopen up new life-possibilities, and the armies ofidealistic campaigners who urge us to become active19in hundreds of good causes. So seductive and compelling is this new faiththat it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its22language and its way of thinking. They areeverywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes itlike a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do25not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour ithas, we are largely unaware of its awesome,unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.

Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).

Judge the following item, according to the text.

  1. 11.

    It can be concluded from the text that fundamentalism is more intuitively perceptive than secular culture.

  2. 12.

    It can be concluded from the text that Protestantism is the backbone of modern humanist culture.

  3. 13.

    It can be concluded from the text that modern humanist culture is subliminally pervasive.

  4. 14.

    It can be concluded from the text that scientists and scholars act the same way as theologians, priests and prophets.

  5. 15.

    It can be concluded from the text that idealism compels people to join good causes.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 Fundamentalism has one interesting insight.It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanistculture of the modern era as being itself a kind of4new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to seethis because we are immersed in it, it dominatesmore than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so7amorphous. It has no officially recognised scriptures,creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loosecoalition of many different forces, kept on the move10and in constant self-criticism and self-correction byan active and striving ethic derived fromProtestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is13what it is — has theologians, priests and prophets,they are, respectively, the scientists and scholarswhose business it is to criticise and increase16knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions andopen up new life-possibilities, and the armies ofidealistic campaigners who urge us to become active19in hundreds of good causes. So seductive and compelling is this new faiththat it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its22language and its way of thinking. They areeverywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes itlike a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do25not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour ithas, we are largely unaware of its awesome,unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.

Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).

Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items with reference to the text.

  1. 16.

    The word “Rather” (l.8) means more or less.

  2. 17.

    In context, the expression “So far as” (l.12) means as though.

  3. 18.

    The pronoun “its” (l.4) refers to “humanist culture” (l.2-3).

  4. 19.

    The word “business” (l.15) could be appropriately replaced by concern.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 German scientists have reconstructed anextraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life ofMartin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father4of Protestantism, by trawling through his householdwaste uncovered during archaeological digs on siteswhere he used to live.7 Despite the widespread belief that Lutherlived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fedman — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in101546 at the age of 63. Even Luther's claim that he came fromhumble circumstances has been dismissed. New13evidence has shown that his father owned land and acopper mill besides lending money for interest. Hismother meanwhile was born into an upper middle-16class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested,that she "carried all her wood on her back". Extensive research carried out at the family19home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote hiscelebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit byanimal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the22River Elbe. It obviously suited him because hechurned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunkssomething of the Luther myth to know he wrote the2595 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in2004. But the claim by historians which will28arguably be most upsetting for followers is therecently uncovered written evidence that it was not,as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21-31year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted tobecome a monk. Rather, it was his desperation toescape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge whether the following statement is consistent with information the text provides.

  1. 20.

    Luther’s parents were relatively well-off.

  2. 21.

    Luther’s weight belies his supposed poverty.

  3. 22.

    Luther’s mother probably did not carry “all her wood on her back”.

  4. 23.

    Luther lived in reasonable comfort at his home in Wittenberg.

  5. 24.

    Luther’s religious calling was not genuine.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 Fundamentalism has one interesting insight.It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanistculture of the modern era as being itself a kind of4new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to seethis because we are immersed in it, it dominatesmore than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so7amorphous. It has no officially recognised scriptures,creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loosecoalition of many different forces, kept on the move10and in constant self-criticism and self-correction byan active and striving ethic derived fromProtestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is13what it is — has theologians, priests and prophets,they are, respectively, the scientists and scholarswhose business it is to criticise and increase16knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions andopen up new life-possibilities, and the armies ofidealistic campaigners who urge us to become active19in hundreds of good causes. So seductive and compelling is this new faiththat it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its22language and its way of thinking. They areeverywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes itlike a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do25not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour ithas, we are largely unaware of its awesome,unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.

Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).

Judge the following item, concerning the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24).

  1. 25.

    In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24), the word “That” refers to the pervasiveness of modern humanist culture.

  2. 26.

    In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24), the word “That” refers to the seductiveness of science-based thinking.

  3. 27.

    In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24), the word “That” refers to the ubiquitousness of the new faith.

  4. 28.

    In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24), the word “That” refers to the language and way of thinking being everywhere.

  5. 29.

    In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (l.23-24), the word “That” refers to the fact that one cannot avoid adopting its language and rationale.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 German scientists have reconstructed anextraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life ofMartin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father4of Protestantism, by trawling through his householdwaste uncovered during archaeological digs on siteswhere he used to live.7 Despite the widespread belief that Lutherlived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fedman — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in101546 at the age of 63. Even Luther's claim that he came fromhumble circumstances has been dismissed. New13evidence has shown that his father owned land and acopper mill besides lending money for interest. Hismother meanwhile was born into an upper middle-16class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested,that she "carried all her wood on her back". Extensive research carried out at the family19home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote hiscelebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit byanimal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the22River Elbe. It obviously suited him because hechurned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunkssomething of the Luther myth to know he wrote the2595 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in2004. But the claim by historians which will28arguably be most upsetting for followers is therecently uncovered written evidence that it was not,as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21-31year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted tobecome a monk. Rather, it was his desperation toescape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, concerning the word “digs” (l.5).

  1. 30.

    The word “digs” (l.5) is a verb referring to mocking.

  2. 31.

    The word “digs” (l.5) is a noun referring to accommodation.

  3. 32.

    The word “digs” (l.5) is a verb referring to accommodation.

  4. 33.

    The word “digs” (l.5) is part of an adjectival phrase qualifying sites.

  5. 34.

    The word “digs” (l.5) is a noun referring to excavation.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 German scientists have reconstructed anextraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life ofMartin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father4of Protestantism, by trawling through his householdwaste uncovered during archaeological digs on siteswhere he used to live.7 Despite the widespread belief that Lutherlived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fedman — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in101546 at the age of 63. Even Luther's claim that he came fromhumble circumstances has been dismissed. New13evidence has shown that his father owned land and acopper mill besides lending money for interest. Hismother meanwhile was born into an upper middle-16class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested,that she "carried all her wood on her back". Extensive research carried out at the family19home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote hiscelebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit byanimal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the22River Elbe. It obviously suited him because hechurned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunkssomething of the Luther myth to know he wrote the2595 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in2004. But the claim by historians which will28arguably be most upsetting for followers is therecently uncovered written evidence that it was not,as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21-31year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted tobecome a monk. Rather, it was his desperation toescape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

  1. 35.

    The phrase “churned out 1,800 pages a year” (l.23) suggests that Luther was a careless writer.

  2. 36.

    The reference to a “lightning bolt” (l.30) was meant to allude to putative divine intervention in Luther’s calling.

  3. 37.

    The aim of describing Luther as “weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died” (l.9) is to suggest a humorous comparison with a heavy-weight boxer.

  4. 38.

    Luther’s father indulged in usury.

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1 It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats amorning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his4might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, buteventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is thesort of solid reliable machine that makes German7goods a household name for quality. It's that goodname that means Germany is the world's top exporter.China may take the title soon, but for the moment10Germany is still a world-beater. Detlef is part of that success story. For the last40 years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at13the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 andis now the plant's main union representative for IGMetall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch,16he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from hisearly morning ritual. The plant is closing down for anextra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to19mid-January, because of falling orders. He tells me: "At the moment we are in adistribution crisis — the automobile industry is not22selling enough cars and lorries”. Consumer confidence was dented in Germanylong before the credit crunch, and despite his union's25recent deal it is not returning. Germany is now in recession and the figureshave been worse than economists were predicting.28Equally bad statistics for the whole of the EuropeanUnion are expected today. While consumers in Americafeel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe31watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europecontinues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items with reference to the text.

  1. 39.

    The word “dented” (l.23) suggests an acute effect.

  2. 40.

    “After all” (l.5) is equivalent to Eventually.

  3. 41.

    In context, the phrase “household name” (l.7) could be appropriately replaced by synonym.

  4. 42.

    The Berlin factory is closing temporarily owing to a slump in demand.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats amorning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his4might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, buteventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is thesort of solid reliable machine that makes German7goods a household name for quality. It's that goodname that means Germany is the world's top exporter.China may take the title soon, but for the moment10Germany is still a world-beater. Detlef is part of that success story. For the last40 years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at13the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 andis now the plant's main union representative for IGMetall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch,16he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from hisearly morning ritual. The plant is closing down for anextra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to19mid-January, because of falling orders. He tells me: "At the moment we are in adistribution crisis — the automobile industry is not22selling enough cars and lorries”. Consumer confidence was dented in Germanylong before the credit crunch, and despite his union's25recent deal it is not returning. Germany is now in recession and the figureshave been worse than economists were predicting.28Equally bad statistics for the whole of the EuropeanUnion are expected today. While consumers in Americafeel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe31watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europecontinues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, concerning the phrase “consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery” (l.29-30).

  1. 43.

    In this phrase, appropriate synonyms for “cowed” and “jittery” are, respectively, bent over and trembling.

  2. 44.

    In this phrase, appropriate synonyms for “cowed” and “jittery” are, respectively, bovine and aggressive.

  3. 45.

    In this phrase, appropriate synonyms for “cowed” and “jittery” are, respectively, herded and troubling.

  4. 46.

    In this phrase, appropriate synonyms for “cowed” and “jittery” are, respectively, confined and alacritous.

  5. 47.

    In this phrase, appropriate synonyms for “cowed” and “jittery” are, respectively, threatened and apprehensive.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats amorning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his4might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, buteventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is thesort of solid reliable machine that makes German7goods a household name for quality. It's that goodname that means Germany is the world's top exporter.China may take the title soon, but for the moment10Germany is still a world-beater. Detlef is part of that success story. For the last40 years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at13the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 andis now the plant's main union representative for IGMetall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch,16he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from hisearly morning ritual. The plant is closing down for anextra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to19mid-January, because of falling orders. He tells me: "At the moment we are in adistribution crisis — the automobile industry is not22selling enough cars and lorries”. Consumer confidence was dented in Germanylong before the credit crunch, and despite his union's25recent deal it is not returning. Germany is now in recession and the figureshave been worse than economists were predicting.28Equally bad statistics for the whole of the EuropeanUnion are expected today. While consumers in Americafeel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe31watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europecontinues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, concerning the words “might” and “kick-start” (l.4).

  1. 48.

    In context, “might” (l.4) and “kick-start” (l.4) are, respectively, an auxiliary verb and a transitive verb.

  2. 49.

    In context, “might” (l.4) and “kick-start” (l.4) are, respectively, a noun and a verb.

  3. 50.

    In context, “might” (l.4) and “kick-start” (l.4) are, respectively, a conditional verb and a noun.

  4. 51.

    In context, “might” (l.4) and “kick-start” (l.4) are, respectively, a noun and a noun.

  5. 52.

    In context, “might” (l.4) and “kick-start” (l.4) are, respectively, an auxiliary verb and a noun.

Cadastre-se para responder e ver o gabarito comentado
1 It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats amorning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his4might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, buteventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is thesort of solid reliable machine that makes German7goods a household name for quality. It's that goodname that means Germany is the world's top exporter.China may take the title soon, but for the moment10Germany is still a world-beater. Detlef is part of that success story. For the last40 years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at13the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 andis now the plant's main union representative for IGMetall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch,16he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from hisearly morning ritual. The plant is closing down for anextra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to19mid-January, because of falling orders. He tells me: "At the moment we are in adistribution crisis — the automobile industry is not22selling enough cars and lorries”. Consumer confidence was dented in Germanylong before the credit crunch, and despite his union's25recent deal it is not returning. Germany is now in recession and the figureshave been worse than economists were predicting.28Equally bad statistics for the whole of the EuropeanUnion are expected today. While consumers in Americafeel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe31watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europecontinues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

  1. 53.

    German manufactures are renowned for their quality and durability.

  2. 54.

    Fendt is being made redundant.

  3. 55.

    Fendt’s motorbike starts up immediately because it is a reliable machine.

  4. 56.

    IG Metall is a subsidiary of BMW.

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